The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to. Cholera outbreak in the west and central africa reliefweb. All people visitors or residents in areas where cholera is occurring or has occurred should be aware of the basic cholera facts and follow these five basic cholera prevention steps to protect themselves and their family 1, 2. Between 1999 and 2005, africa alone accounted for about 90% of over 1 million reported cholera cases worldwide. Ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10 regions being affected. Highrisk cholera areas are located on corridors where outbreaks spread from and to neighbouring countries, mainly niger, chad and cameroon, highlighting the importance of crossborder activities2. Economic evaluation of 2014 cholera outbreak in ghana.
Evidence of cholera economic costs on affected households has been limited. Even though the risk factors associated with the 2014 cholera outbreak were. Spatial and demographic patterns of cholera in ashanti region. These efforts led to a dramatic drop in cholera incidence from 735 cases in 2016, to just 9 cases since january 2017. Pdf large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. Daviesteye 4 1department of disease surveillance, ghana health service, korlebu, accra, ghana. Ghana health service issues cholera alert graphic online. The periodic and seasonal outbreaks of cholera in ghana make the disease a vital health concern. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater. Nigeria, ghana and democratic republic of the congo being the most affected countries with ghana reporting its worst outbreak since 1982. Aug 25, 2014 cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and sanitation challenges facing one of africas fastest. The greater accra region gar was the most affected, recording almost 98% of all cholera cases 14.
Dissertation or thesis cholera prevention and control in. On 11 april 2012, the ministry of health notified who of a cholera outbreak in the greater accra region. Outbreak onset and crossborder spread are fre quently occurring in northern states zamfara, katsina, kano, kaduna, bauchi and adamawa. The reemergence of cholera in kenya in the first months of 2015 suggests that cholera remains a public health threat. The ghana health service at the national level sent cholera outbreak alerts to all regions. Between january and 6 may 2012, a total of 3,216 cases and 28 deaths were reported from 20. Districts reporting cases were variably affected with attack rates and cases fatality rates ranging from 0. The study adopted a health literacy framework that theorized the pathways. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana volunteers comb the marketplaces of cape coast, ghana educating stall owners on how to prevent the spread of cholera. The country has concomitantly suffered seasonal cholera outbreaks that have impacted negatively on the populations health, as well as on the nations economy. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana article pdf available in bmc research notes 101 december 2017 with 828 reads how we measure reads. The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to 2015. Examining health literacy on cholera in an endemic. Ghana has seen recurrent epidemics in recent years, posing health system challenge.
The world health organization who provided technical support and logistics to the ministry of health and the ghana health service towards curbing the cholera outbreak. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. Ghana has been a known country of occasional cholera outbreaks since the 1970s. Ashitey 1 provides an account on the first cholera epidemic of 1970 in ghana. Cholera outbreak in west africa was first reported in guinea. Bmc res notes large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana charles lwanga noora 0 1 kofi issah 0 ernest kenu 1 emmanuel george bachan 0 robert domo nuoh 1 kofi mensah nyarko 1 paulina appiah 0 timothy letsa 0 0 regional health directorate, brong ahafo region, ghana health service, box 145, sunyani, ghana 1 ghana field epidemiology and laboratory training program, school. Democratic republic of congo, nigeria and ghana are the most affected. This study aimed to describe, identify the cause and socioeconomic factors associated with 2012 cholera outbreak in osuklottey district for policy recommendations. Pdf assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in.
Instituting interventions for the control of cholera mainly result from knowing the risk factors and the link between the index cases and this can curtail and prevent future outbreaks. Cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june health24. Ghana suffered the worst cholera outbreak with 20,279 reported cases and 164. Cholera outbreak in cape coast grows, deaths reported. Author summary we analyzed cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania, during 2009 to 2015, and performed a series of field visits as well as molecular epidemiology analyses of v. We found that at least 54% of cases concerned populations living in the three urban areas of accra, freetown, and conakry.
The service in a statement signed by the directorgeneral, dr. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on. The country is cholera endemic with several communities within cholera hotspots. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater accra region of ghana, 2014. In 2012, an outbreak of cholera affected 53 districts in nine regions in ghana with 9548 cases and 100 deaths and the case fatality rate cfr was 1. Jul 12, 2017 on 7 june 2017, world health organization who was notified of a cholera outbreak in kwara state, nigeria, where the event currently remains localized. In places where drinking water is unprotected from faecal contamination, cholera can spread with stunning speed through entire populations. September 2014 volume 48, number 3 ghana medical journal. Pdf epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection that occurs when a certain bacteria is ingested. Response measures during the 2014 cholera outbreak were taken at the international, national, and regional levels.
Ghana has seen outbreaks of the disease roughly every five years since the 19704. The purpose of this study was to investigate the virulent factors of vibrio cholerae which caused an unprecedented large cholera outbreak in ghana in 2014 and progressed into 2015, affected 28,975 people with 243 deaths. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014 emmanuel dzotsi 1, john kofi odoom 2, joseph k. This disease doesnt vibrio come on immediately, cholerae so it is hard to diagnose. Aug 12, 2008 cholera has claimed many lives throughout history and it continues to be a global threat, especially in countries in africa. Temporal trend and spatial clustering of cholera epidemic in kumasi.
Cholera outbreaks occur every year in ghana and needs greater. Nov 01, 2016 in a followup to a report this weekend about the cholera outbreak in cape coast, ghana, local media report the outbreak in the fishing port city has topped 20 cases, including three fatalities. By the end of january 2015 when the outbreak was finally contained, over 28, 000 cases with 243 deaths had been recorded in all 10 regions of ghana 14. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana pdf.
Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two districts in ghana article pdf available in infectious diseases of poverty 51 december 2016 with 2,142 reads how we measure reads. Characterization of highly virulent multidrug resistant. Ghana, like other countries in subsaharan africa, has about 7. Aug 15, 2014 a cholera outbreak in ghana s capital has reached staggering levels, an official said friday, blaming poor sanitation and overcrowded health facilities for the rapid spread of the disease. Examining health literacy on cholera in an endemic community. Nov 02, 2016 despite the recurring cholera outbreaks in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae the infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe washing hands with soap and water is the basis of health cholera.
The first case of cholera in ghana was in a togolese national in transit at the kotoka international airport from guinea. Cumulative incidence of cholera by commune in ghana, 1998202 figure 3. Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in three decades in 2014. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana global. The first cases of acute watery diarrhoea were reported during the last week of april 2017 and a sharp increase in the number of cases and deaths has been observed since 1 may 2017. The risk for cholera is very low for people visiting areas with epidemic cholera. Outbreaks in nigeria and ghana are directly impac ng neighbouring countries in lake chad basin and along the gulf of guinea. The ghana health service in 2016 reported a cholera outbreak which affected seven out of the ten administrative regions of the country, and the coastal regions are the highrisk areas experiencing increased occurrence and. Ranked among the worlds dirtiest countries, ghana has poor environmental sanitation and hygiene, and a lack of potable water, all of which combined have been largely blamed as the underscoring reasons for cholera outbreaks.
Dynamics of cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania. The case fatality ratio is high in the sahelian area, equal or greater than 2%, especially in nigeria, chad, cameroon and niger. The remaining three were a study by ali and colleagues, who estimated global burden of cholera in endemic countries. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in. Jan 24, 2017 over 700 cholera cases with no death were recorded in 2016, the ghana health service ghs and ministry of health moh have stated. In response to the outbreak, ghana red cross society grcs is participating in national and regional level coordination mechanisms. In ghana, there were over 9,000 cholera cases in 1999 with approximately 250 deaths cfr of 2. Socioeconomic factors associated with cholera outbreak in. Outbreaks in ghana usually spread towards neighbouring countries from the south of cameroon to guinea bissau through migrant fishermen and commercial trade. Surveillance in africa cholera in africa cholera cdc. This study assessed the response activities undertaken in two districts, akatsi district in volta region and komendaedinaeguafoabirem keea municipal in central region during the 2012 cholera epidemic in ghana. Pdf background a nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in. High and low incidence areas hia and lia were selected in comparative cost analysis and disease impact. Oct 11, 2017 instituting interventions for the control of cholera mainly result from knowing the risk factors and the link between the index cases and this can curtail and prevent future outbreaks.
May 01, 2018 the world health organization who maintains a public database of cholera cases and provides outbreak updates and an annual summary of aggregate national data in the weekly epidemiological record. Yearly number of cholera cases and case fatality rate cfr in ghana, 1199020 figure 2. Cholera is now thought to be endemic in parts of the country. There are lessons to be learnt from cholera outbreaks in ghana.
Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater accra. May 10, 2018 the ghana health service has issued an alert over a potential outbreak of cholera in the country. This study employed a mixed methods approach to investigate the successes and challenges of cholera prevention and control in kenya through analysis of cholera surveillance data and key informant interviews. The acute diarrhoea infection which can kill within hours had the highest reported cases from the cape coast municipality in the central region. Declared in june 2014, the west and central african cholera outbreak as of january 25, 2015 claimed 1,683 registered deaths and over 91,361 reported cases with a reported case fatality rate cfr of 2% in 11 countries, which is 3 times more than in 20. The disease is listed as one of three internationally quarantinable diseases by the world health organization, along with plague and yellow fever. This study, therefore, assesses health literacy on cholera and the association between health literacy competency and health outcome.
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